Chapter 46 Biosecurity and Infection Control for Large Animal Practices

  1. Tillotson K, Savage CJ, Salman MD, et al. 1997. Outbreak of Salmonella infantis infection in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1554. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Schott HC, Ewart SL, Walker RD, et al. 2001. An outbreak of salmonellosis among horses at a veterinary teaching hospital. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1152. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Dallap-Schaer BL, Aceto H, Rankin SC. 2010. Outbreak of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Newport MDR-AmpC in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital. J Vet Intern Med 24:1138.
  4. Steneroden KK, Van Metre DC, Jackson C, et al. 2010. Detection and control of a nosocomial outbreak caused by Salmonella newport at a large animal hospital. J Vet Intern Med 24:606 PUBMED Abstract
  5. van Duijkeren E, Moleman M, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM, et al. 2009. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and horse personnel: an investigation of several outbreaks. Vet Microbiol 141:96. PUBMED Abstract
  6. Weese JS, Archambault M, Willey BM, et al. 2005. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and horse personnel, 2000-2002. Emerg Infect Dis 11:430. PUBMED Abstract
  7. Cuny C, Strommenger B, Witte W, et al. 2008. Clusters of infections in horses with MRSA ST1, ST254, and ST398 in a veterinary hospital. Microb Drug Resist 14:307. PUBMED Abstract
  8. Henninger RW, Reed SM, Saville WJ, et al. 2007. Outbreak of neurologic disease caused by equine herpesvirus-1 at a university equestrian center. J Vet Intern Med 21:157. PUBMED Abstract
  9. Goehring LS, Landolt GA, Morley PS. 2010. Detection and management of an outbreak of equine herpesvirus type 1 infection and associated neurological disease in a veterinary teaching hospital. J Vet Intern Med 24:1176. PUBMED Abstract
  10. Burgess BA, Tokateloff N, Manning S, et al. 2012. Nasal shedding of equine herpesvirus-1 from horses in an outbreak of equine herpes myeloencephalopathy in Western Canada. J Vet Intern Med 26:384. PUBMED Abstract
  11. Konkle DM, Nelson KM, Lunn DP. 1997. Nosocomial transmission of Cryptosporidium in a veterinary hospital. J Vet Intern Med 11:340. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Madewell BR, Tang YJ, Jang S, et al. 1995. Apparent outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in horses in a veterinary teaching hospital. J Vet Diagn Invest 7:343. PUBMED Abstract
  13. Benedict KM, Morley PS, Van Metre DC. 2008. Characteristics of biosecurity and infection control programs at veterinary teaching hospitals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 233:767. PUBMED Abstract
  14. USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services. 2011. Equine Herpesvirus (EHV-1)—FINAL Situation Report; June 23, 2011. [WWW page]. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/equine/ehv/ehv_2011_final_sitrep_062311.pdf, accessed Apr 25, 2013.
  15. Traub-Dargatz JL, Pelzel-McCluskey AM, Creekmore LH, et al. 2013. Case-control study of a multistate equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy outbreak. J Vet Intern Med 27:339. PUBMED Abstract
  16. Ruple-Czerniak AA, Aceto HW, Bender JB, et al. 2013. Syndromic surveillance for evaluating the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections in equine hospitals. Eq Vet J, Sept 12. [Epub ahead of print] PUBMED Abstract
  17. MacDonald DG, Morley PS, Bailey JV, et al. 1994. An examination of the occurrence of surgical wound infection following equine orthopedic surgery (1981-1990). Equine Vet J 26:323. PUBMED Abstract
  18. Freeman KD, Southwood LL, Lane J, et al. 2012. Post operative infection, pyrexia and perioperative antimicrobial drug use in surgical colic patients. Equine Vet J 44:476. PUBMED Abstract
  19. Morley PS, Anderson ME, Burgess BA, et al. 2013. Report of the third Havemeyer workshop on infection control in equine populations. Equine Vet J 45:131. PUBMED Abstract
  20. Morley PS. 2013. Evidence-based infection control in clinical practice: if you buy clothes for the emperor, will he wear them? J Vet Intern Med 27:430. PUBMED Abstract
  21. Morley PS. 2002. Biosecurity of veterinary practices. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 18:133. PUBMED Abstract
  22. Flemming DD, Scott JF. 2004. The informed consent doctrine: what veterinarians should tell their clients. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:1436. PUBMED Abstract
  23. Fettman MJ, Rollin BE. 2002. Modern elements of informed consent for general veterinary practitioners. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1386. PUBMED Abstract
  24. Hannah HW. 2001. When can failure to inform support a malpractice claim? J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1419. PUBMED Abstract
  25. Stockton KA, Morley PS, Hyatt DR, et al. 2006. Effects of footwear hygiene protocols on bacterial contamination of floor surfaces in an equine hospital. J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1068. PUBMED Abstract
  26. Rhame FS. 1998. The inanimate environment, pp 299-324. In Bennett JV, Brachman PS (eds), Hospital infections, ed 4. Lippincott-Raven, New York, NY.
  27. Dwyer RM. 2004. Environmental disinfection to control equine infectious diseases. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 20:531. PUBMED Abstract
  28. Dvorak G. 2005. Disinfection 101. [WWW page]. http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/BRM/resources/Disinfectants/Disinfection101Feb2005.pdf, accessed Apr 25, 2013.
  29. Morley PS, Burgess BA, Van Metre DC. 2011. Colorado State University: Biosecurity Standard Operating Procedures, James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital. [WWW page]. http://csuvets.colostate.edu/biosecurity/biosecurity_sop.pdf, accessed Apr 25, 2013.
  30. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings: Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. MMWR 51 (No. RR-16). [WWW page]. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5116.pdf, accessed Apr 25, 2013. PUBMED Abstract
  31. World Health Organization. 2009. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. [WWW page]. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241597906_eng.pdf, accessed Apr 25, 2013.
  32. Ehrenkranz NJ, Alfonso BC. 1991. Failure of bland soap handwash to prevent hand transfer of patient bacteria to urethral catheters. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 12:654. PUBMED Abstract
  33. Larson EL, Leyden JJ, McGinley KJ, et al. 1986. Physiologic and microbiologic changes in skin related to frequent handwashing. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 7:59. PUBMED Abstract
  34. Boyce JM, Kelliher S, Vallande N. 2000. Skin irritation and dryness associated with two hand-hygiene regimens: soap-and-water hand washing versus hand antisepsis with an alcoholic hand gel. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 21:442. PUBMED Abstract
  35. Williams C, Wilkinson SM, McShane P, et al. 2010. A double-blind, randomized study to assess the effectiveness of different moisturizers in preventing dermatitis induced by hand washing to simulate healthcare use. Br J Dermatol 162:1088. PUBMED Abstract
  36. Rocha LA, Ferreira de Almeida E Borges L, Gontijo Filho PP. 2009. Changes in hands microbiota associated with skin damage because of hand hygiene procedures on the health care workers. Am J Infect Control 37:155. PUBMED Abstract
  37. Salisbury DM, Hutfilz P, Treen LM, et al. 1997. The effect of rings on microbial load of health care workers' hands. Am J Infect Control 25:24. PUBMED Abstract
  38. Hedderwick SA, McNeil SA, Lyons MJ, et al. 2000. Pathogenic organisms associated with artificial fingernails worn by healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 21:505. PUBMED Abstract
  39. Ayliffe GA. 1980. The effect of antibacterial agents on the flora of the skin. J Hosp Infect 1:111. PUBMED Abstract
  40. Jones MV, Rowe GB, Jackson B, et al. 1986. The use of alcoholic paper wipes for routine hand cleansing: results of trials in two hospitals. J Hosp Infect 8:268. PUBMED Abstract
  41. Traub-Dargatz JL, Weese JS, Rousseau JD, et al. 2006. Pilot study to evaluate 3 hygiene protocols on the reduction of bacterial load on the hands of veterinary staff performing routine equine physical examinations. Can Vet J 47:671. PUBMED Abstract
  42. Randle J, Clarke M, Storr J. 2006. Hand hygiene compliance in healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect 64:205. PUBMED Abstract
  43. Sacar S, Turgut H, Kaleli I, et al. 2006. Poor hospital infection control practice in hand hygiene, glove utilization, and usage of tourniquets. Am J Infect Control 34:606. PUBMED Abstract
  44. Aly R, Maibach HI. 1998. Comparative antibacterial efficacy of a 2-minute surgical scrub with chlorhexidine gluconate, povidone-iodine, and chloroxylenol sponge-brushes. Am J Infect Control 16:173.
  45. Pereira LJ, Lee GM, Wade KJ. 1997. An evaluation of five protocols for surgical handwashing in relation to skin condition and microbial counts. J Hosp Infect 36:49. PUBMED Abstract
  46. Nishimura C. 2006. Comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of povidone-iodine, povidone-iodine-ethanol and chlorhexidine gluconate-ethanol surgical scrubs. Dermatology 212(Suppl 1):21. PUBMED Abstract
  47. Hubner NO, Kampf G, Loffler H. 2006. Effect of a 1 min hand wash on the bactericidal efficacy of consecutive surgical hand disinfection with standard alcohols and on skin hydration. Int J Hyg Environ Health 209:285. PUBMED Abstract
  48. Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, et al. 2007. CDC guideline for isolation precautions: preventing transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. [WWW page]. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/pdf/isolation2007.pdf49, accessed Apr 25, 2013.
  49. Leclair JM, Freeman J, Sullivan BF, et al. 1987. Prevention of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections through compliance with glove and gown isolation precautions. N Engl J Med 317:329. PUBMED Abstract
  50. Girou E, Chai SH, Oppein F, et al. 2004. Misuse of gloves: the foundation for poor compliance with hand hygiene and potential for microbial transmission? J Hosp Infect 57:162. PUBMED Abstract
  51. Grant J, Ramman-Haddad L, Dendukuri N. 2006. The role of gowns in preventing nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): gown use in MRSA control. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 27:191. PUBMED Abstract
  52. Puzniak LA, Leet T, Mayfield J, et al. 2002. To gown or not to gown: the effect on acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Clin Infect Dis 35:18. PUBMED Abstract
  53. Garner JS. 1996. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 17:53. PUBMED Abstract
  54. Lipp A. 2003. The effectiveness of surgical face masks: what the literature shows. Nurs Times 99:2. PUBMED Abstract
  55. Morley PS, Morris N, Hyatt DR, et al. 2005. Evaluation of the efficacy of disinfectant footbaths as used in veterinary hospitals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:2053. PUBMED Abstract
  56. Dunowska M, Morley PS, Traub-Dargatz JL, et al. 2006. Impact of hospitalization and antimicrobial use on susceptibility of commensal enteric bacteria in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1909. PUBMED Abstract
  57. Burgess BA, Morley PS, Hyatt DR. 2004. Environmental surveillance for Salmonella in a veterinary teaching hospital. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1344. PUBMED Abstract
  58. Smith BP, House JK, Magdesian KG, et al. 2004. Principles of an infectious disease control program for preventing nosocomial gastrointestinal and respiratory tract diseases in large animal veterinary hospitals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1186. PUBMED Abstract
  59. Luftman HS, Regits MA, Lorcheim P, et al. 2006. Chlorine dioxide gas decontamination of large animal hospital intensive and neonatal care units. Appl Biosafety 11:144.
  60. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2008. Human rabies prevention—United States, 2008; Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR 57 (No. RR-3). http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5703.pdf, accessed Apr 25, 2013.
  61. Sweeney CR, Timoney JF, Newton JR, et al. 2005. Streptococcus equi infections in horses: guidelines for treatment, control, and prevention of strangles. J Vet Intern Med 19:123. PUBMED Abstract
  62. Patterson G, Morley PS, Blehm KD, et al. 2005. Efficacy of directed misting application of a peroxygen disinfectant for environmental decontamination of a veterinary hospital. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:597. PUBMED Abstract
  63. Niskanen R, Lindberg A. 2003. Transmission of bovine viral diarrhoea virus by unhygienic vaccination procedures, ambient air, and from contaminated pens. Vet J 165:125. PUBMED Abstract
  64. Morley PS, Townsend HGG, Bogdan JR, et al. 2000. Descriptive epidemiologic study of disease associated with influenza virus infections during three epidemics in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:535.
  65. Morley PS, Bogdan JR, Townsend HGG, et al. 1995. Evaluation of the Directigen Flu A assay for detection of influenza antigen in nasal secretions of horses. Equine Vet J 27:131. PUBMED Abstract
  66. Lunn DP, Davis-Poynter N, Flaminio MJ, et al. 2009. Equine herpesvirus-1 consensus statement. J Vet Intern Med 23:450. PUBMED Abstract
  67. Wang L, Raidal SL, Pizzirani A. 2007. Detection of respiratory herpesviruses in foals and adult horses determined by nested multiplex PCR. Vet Microbiol 121:18. PUBMED Abstract
  68. Morley PS, Apley MD, Besser TE, et al. 2005. Antimicrobial drug use in veterinary medicine. J Vet Intern Med 19:617. PUBMED Abstract
  69. Dunowska M, Morley PS, Traub-Dargatz JL, et al. 2006. Impact of hospitalization and antimicrobial use on susceptibility of commensal enteric bacteria in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1909. PUBMED Abstract
  70. Baverud V, Gustafsson A, Franklin A, et al. 2003. Clostridium difficile: prevalence in horses and environment, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Equine Vet J 35:465. PUBMED Abstract
  71. Gustafsson A, Baverud V, Gunnarsson A, et al. 2004. Study of faecal shedding of Clostridium difficile in horses treated with penicillin. Equine Vet J 36:180. PUBMED Abstract
  72. Weese JS, Caldwell F, Willey BM, et al. 2006. An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections resulting from horse to human transmission in a veterinary hospital. Vet Microbiol 114:160. PUBMED Abstract