Chapter 45 Rational Antimicrobial Therapy

Antimicrobial Stewardship

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  5. Lorenzo-Figueras M, Pusterla N, Byrne BA, et al. 2006. In vitro evaluation of three bacterial culture systems for the recovery of Escherichia coli from equine blood. Am J Vet Res 67:2025. PUBMED Abstract
  6. CLSI. 2013. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility test for bacteria isolated from animals; Approved Standard, ed 4, CLSI document VET01-A4. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
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  8. Boothe DM. 2006. Principles of antimicrobial therapy. Vet Clin Small Anim Pract 36:1003. PUBMED Abstract
  9. McKinnon PS, Davis SL. 2004. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics issues in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. Eur J Clin Microb Infect Dis 23:271. PUBMED Abstract
  10. Schentag JJ, Meagher AK, Forrest A. 2003. Fluoroquinolone AUIC break points and the link to bacterial killing rates. Part 1: in vitro and animal models. Ann Pharmacother 37:1287. PUBMED Abstract
  11. Schentag JJ, Meagher AK, Forrest A. 2003. Fluoroquinolone AUIC break points and the link to bacterial killing rates. Part 2: human trials. Ann Pharmacother 37:1478. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Martinez M, Toutain PL, Walker RD. 2006. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship of antimicrobial agents, pp 81-106. In Giguere S, Prescott JF, Baggot JD, et al (eds), Antimicrobial therapy in veterinary medicine, ed 4. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA.
  13. Moellering RC, Eliopoulos GM. 2006. Principles of anti-infective therapy, pp 242-253. In Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (eds), Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases, ed 6. Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA.
  14. Lepper MH, Dowling HF. 1951. Treatment of pneumococcic meningitis with penicillin compared with penicillin plus aureomycin; studies including observations on an apparent antagonism between penicillin and aureomycin. AMA Arch Int Med 88:489. PUBMED Abstract
  15. Sande MA, Overton JW. 1973. In vivo antagonism between gentamicin and chloramphenicol in neutropenic mice. J Infect Dis 128:247. PUBMED Abstract
  16. Ensink JM, Klein WR, Mevius DJ, et al. 1992. Bioavailability of oral penicillins in the horse: a comparison of pivampicillin and amoxicillin. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 15:221. PUBMED Abstract
  17. Baggot JD, Short CR. 1984. Drug disposition in the neonatal animal, with particular reference to the foal. Equine Vet J 16:364. PUBMED Abstract
  18. Yabe K, Satoh H, Ishii Y, et al. 2004. Early pathophysiologic feature of arthropathy in juvenile dogs induced by ofloxacin, a quinolone antimicrobial agent. Vet Pathol 41:673. PUBMED Abstract
  19. Pfister K, Mazur D, Vormann J, et al. 2007. Diminished ciprofloxacin-induced chondrotoxicity by supplementation with magnesium and vitamin E in immature rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:1022. PUBMED Abstract
  20. Khaliq Y, Zhanel GG. 2003. Fluoroquinolone-associated tendinopathy: a critical review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 36:1404. PUBMED Abstract
  21. Egerbacher M, Edinger J, Tschulenk W. 2001. Effects of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride on canine and equine chondrocytes in culture. Am J Vet Res 62:704. PUBMED Abstract
  22. Sansone JM, Wilsman NJ, Leiferman EM, et al. 2009. The effect of fluoroquinolone antibiotics on growing cartilage in the lamb model. J Pediatr Orthop 29:189. PUBMED Abstract
  23. Fenger CK, Granstrom DE, Langemeier JL, et al. 1997. Epizootic of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis on a farm. J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:923. PUBMED Abstract
  24. Bedford SJ, McDonnell SM. 1999. Measurements of reproductive function in stallions treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pyrimethamine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:1317. PUBMED Abstract
  25. Classen DC, Evans RS, Pestotnik SL, et al. 1992. The timing of prophylactic administration of antibiotics and the risk of surgical-wound infection. N Engl J Med 326:281. PUBMED Abstract
  26. Moore RM, Schneider RK, Kowalski J, et al. 1992. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from 233 horses with musculoskeletal infection during 1979-1989. Equine Vet J 24:450. PUBMED Abstract
  27. Schneider RK, Bramlage LR, Moore RM, et al. 1992. A retrospective study of 192 horses affected with septic arthritis/tenosynovitis. Equine Vet J 24:436. PUBMED Abstract
  28. Barie PS, Eachempati SR. 2005. Surgical site infections. Surg Clin North Am 85:1115. PUBMED Abstract
  29. Bratzler DW, Houck PM. 2004. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery: an advisory statement from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. Clin Infect Dis 38:1706. PUBMED Abstract
  30. Southwood LL. 2006. Principles of antimicrobial therapy: what should we be using? Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 22:279. PUBMED Abstract
  31. Johnson JC, Bryson WL, Barringer S, et al. 2008. Evaluation of on-arrival versus prompted metaphylaxis regimes using ceftiofur crystalline free acid for feedlot heifers at risk of developing bovine respiratory disease. Vet Ther 9:53. PUBMED Abstract
  32. Taylor JD, Fulton RW, Lehenbauer TW, et al. 2010. The epidemiology of bovine respiratory disease: what is the evidence for preventive measures? Can Vet J 51:1351. PUBMED Abstract
  33. Dunowska M, Morley PS, Traub-Dargatz JL. 2006. Impact of hospitalization and antimicrobial drug administration on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1909. PUBMED Abstract
  34. Maddox TW, Williams NJ, Clegg PD, et al. 2011. Longitudinal study of antimicrobial-resistant commensal Escherichia coli in the faeces of horses in an equine hospital. Prev Vet Med 100:134. PUBMED Abstract
  35. Ahmed MO, Williams NJ, Clegg PD, et al. 2012. Analysis of risk factors associated with antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Microb Drug Resist 18:161. PUBMED Abstract
  36. Hall-Stoodley L, Stoodley P, Kathju S, et al. 2012. Toward diagnostic guidelines for biofilm-associated infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 65:127. PUBMED Abstract
  37. Muntener C, Bruckner L, Kupper J, et al. 2012. Vigilance for veterinary medicinal products: reports of adverse reactions in the year 2011. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 154:513. PUBMED Abstract
  38. Davis LE. 1985. Pharmacology, pp 35-77. In Veterinary values, ed 2. Ag Resources, New York.
  39. Paul JW. 1987. Drug interactions and incompatibilities. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 3:145. PUBMED Abstract

Medication Use in Food-Producing Animals

  1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Animal & Veterinary. 2009. Appendix III, Species and Classes of Major Food Animals. In CVM's Guidance for Industry (GFI) #191: Changes to Approved NADAs–New NADAs vs. Category II Supplemental NADAs. [WWW page]. http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/GuidanceforIndustry/ucm123821.htm, accessed Feb 15, 2013. PUBMED Abstract
  2. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2013. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9, Part 51.1. [WWW page]. http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&SID=b4fcbdaa100efac6e90bb198a6c25f3a&rgn=div8&view=text&node=9:1.0.1.2.9.1.37.1&idno=9, accessed Feb 15, 2013.
  3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2012. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Part 530. Extra label drug use in animals. [WWW page]. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/FR-1996-11-07/96-28662/content-detail.html, accessed Feb 15, 2013.
  4. Riviere JE, Sundlof SF. 2009. Chemical residues in tissues of food animals. In Riviere JE, Papich MG (eds), Veterinary pharmacology & therapeutics, ed 9. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
  5. American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA) Extralabel drug use algorithm. [WWW page]. https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reference/Pages/AMDUCA2.aspx, accessed Feb 13, 2013.
  6. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2001. Extralabel use of medicated feeds for minor species (CPG615.115). http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/ComplianceManuals/CompliancePolicyGuidanceManual/ucm074659.htm, accessed Feb 15, 2013.
  7. Davis JL, Smith GW, Baynes RE, et al. 2009. Update on drugs prohibited from extralabel use in food animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 235:528. PUBMED Abstract
  8. Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Depletion. 2013. Restricted and Prohibited Drugs in Food Animals. [WWW page]. http://farad.org/eldu/prohibit.asp, accessed Feb 15, 2013.
  9. American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. Animal Medicinal Drug Use Act (AMDUCA). [WWW page]. https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reference/Pages/AMDUCA.aspx, accessed Feb 15, 2013.
  10. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2012. CFR Title 21 Sec. 530.41, Drugs prohibited for extralabel use in animals. [WWW page]. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=530&showFR=1, accessed Feb 15, 2013.
  11. Martínez-Navarro JF. 1990. Food poisoning related to consumption of illicit β-agonist in liver. Lancet 336:1311. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Brambilla G, Loizzo A, Fontana L, et al. 1997. Food poisoning following consumption of clenbuterol-treated veal in Italy. J Am Med Assoc 278:635. PUBMED Abstract
  13. Payne MA. 2001. Anti-inflammatory therapy in dairy cattle: therapeutic and regulatory considerations. California Vet 55:10.
  14. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2010. Compounding of drugs for use in animals (CPG7125.40). [WWW page]. http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/ComplianceManuals/CompliancePolicyGuidanceManual/ucm074656, accessed Feb 15, 2013.
  15. Haskell SRR, Payne MA, Webb A, et al. 2005. Antidotes in food animal practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:884. PUBMED Abstract
  16. Baynes RE, Martin-Jimenez T, Craigmill AL, et al. 1999. Estimating provisional acceptable residues for extralabel drug use in livestock. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 29:287. PUBMED Abstract
  17. Martin-Jimenez T, Bayens RE, Craigmill A, et al. 2002. Extrapolated withdrawal-interval estimator (EWE) algorithm: a quantitative approach to establishing extralabel withdrawal times. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 36:131.
  18. Riviere JE, Webb AI, Craigmill AL. 1998. Primer on estimating withdrawal times after extralabel drug use. J Am Vet Med Assoc 213:966. PUBMED Abstract
  19. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2012. Federal Register notice announcing changes to FSIS testing methodology (Docket No. FSIS-2012-0012). [WWW page]. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/rdad/FRPubs/2012-0012.pdf, accessed Feb 15, 2013.